“On 27 January 2020, the world will mark the 75th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz, probably the last chance for most Holocaust survivors to tell their stories or seek restitution.”... “If we, the Simon Wiesenthal Centre, were to receive the entry into Monaco archives by this 75th anniversary, this would help to provide a sorely belated closure for the families of victims. A Monaco denial would be construed as a betrayal of its moral debt to history.”
Paris, 16 December 2019
In a letter to Monaco State Minister, Serge Telle, Wiesenthal Centre Director for International Relations, Dr. Shimon Samuels, recalled the Centre’s 1997 organization in Geneva, of an international conference entitled “Looted Property and Restitution - The Moral Debt to History”.
“As a highly decorated French career diplomat, you are surely aware of the Commission pour l’Indemnisation des Victimes de Spoliations (CIVS), one of a series of European state restitution agencies, of which our conference was a precursor,” stated Samuels.
He added, “The CIVS, now marking its 20th anniversary, includes on its website a 12 February 2015 report from its Monaco counterpart, the CAVS (Commission pour l’Assistance aux Victimes de Spoliations), founded in 2006, that lists at least 92 Jews of the Principality who were arrested and deported. Apparently, between 1999 and 2019, the CIVS reviewed 5 claims for ‘spoliation’ linked to both France and Monaco, but has not had access to the Monaco archives.”
The Centre’s own research in open archives in the United States, Israel and Europe point to questions regarding the 1940 to 1945 period in Monaco.
Among these archival traces, there is also the intriguing denial by Adolf Eichmann, during his 1961 trial, of any contact with Monaco officials, despite evidence to the contrary found in the US Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Our research so far has provided tangible evidence regarding:
VALUABLES:
The seizure of money, watches, jewellery, diamonds and other valuables of the Monaco Jews who were arrested and deported, of which only some 32 are listed in the “Drancy receipts,” the transit camp from where SNCF trains took them to Auschwitz (source: the Paris Shoah Memorial archives).
BANKS:
Similarly, Jewish accounts were presumably blocked in the banks operating in Monaco. As an example, German Occupation records in the French National Archives refer to two Jewish refugee families who deposited shares with Credit Mobilier de Monaco. Three named Monte Carlo Jewish residents had bank accounts blocked in Switzerland according to a Swiss Bank list.
ARTWORKS AND LIBRARIES:
According to the OBIP (French post-War restitution services): the looting of 2 libraries containing 3,000 volumes, of which 140 restituted in 1950 and the seizure of 24 cases full of books by the Germans - reportedly claimed by the Director of Radio Monte Carlo - of which 57 books were restituted in 1947. A German post-War restitution agency reveals claims for spoliated art objects, including in the name of Prince Albert of Monaco. The register Lootedart.com points to at least 3 collectors (1 deported), residing in Monte Carlo, but spoliated in Paris.
AUCTION SALES IN NICE:
Jews of Monaco were deported via Nice. The Alpes-Maritimes archives register at least 12 sales in Nice of “biens juifs” (Jewish assets) between January 1942 and December 1944.
Samuels urged the State Minister, “if there are so many indications available in so many different archives, would it not behoove Monaco to open its archives to qualified researchers?”... adding, “multiple sources provide names of Monaco Jews deported and spoliated well beyond the list provided by the CAVS 2015 report. Our researcher wrote to the CAVS secretariat in October. With a follow-up letter on December 4, the Director, Christian Ceyssac, displayed a lack of authority in regard to our request for access to Monaco World War II archives.”
The Centre stressed, “on 27 January 2020, the world will mark the 75th anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz, probably the last chance for most Holocaust survivors to tell their stories or seek restitution.”
“If we, the Simon Wiesenthal Centre, were to receive the entry into Monaco archives by this 75th anniversary, this would help to provide a sorely belated closure for the families of victims. A Monaco denial, on the other hand, would be construed as a betrayal of its moral debt to history," concluded Samuels.